“We want to engineer plants whose roots will continue to grow despite phosphorus limitation.” “We believe that this is a game changer in the field of plant mineral nutrition,” said Rouached. The researchers have filed a patent on this process and plan to explore other applications of this gene. “This is the first time anyone has linked a phosphorus deficiency signal to a TOR kinase in vascular plants,” said Rhee. When a plant is starved of phosphorus, the gene downregulates the TOR complex which sends a signal to the root of the plant to stop growing. Using computational models to build gene regulatory networks, Rouached, Rhee and their team were able to isolate a specific gene called an Arabidopsis root-specific kinase 1 that regulates the target of rapamycin, or TOR, complex, which is the key developmental regulator in plants, fungi and animals. Showing the connection between the TOR complex and root growth. “We knew there must be something else happening.” “If iron toxicity is the cause, then why does the root stop growing before iron accumulates in the roots?” said Seung Yon “Sue” Rhee, incoming director of MSU’s Plant Resilience Institute in the College of Natural Science and an MSU Research Foundation Professor, currently at the Carnegie Institution for Science. This changes the way researchers look at this problem. Now, for the first time, researchers at MSU and the Carnegie Institution for Science have found evidence that plant roots stop growing before any iron accumulation is seen. Previous research supported the idea that iron toxicity caused a plant’s roots to stop growing.

When soil doesn’t contain enough phosphorus, plants will take up more iron from the soil, which becomes toxic at increased levels. “Ideally, we would like to be able to use less phosphorus in the soil to grow plants.” “Once the world’s supply is used up, we can’t make more phosphorus,” said Hatem Rouached, an assistant professor in Michigan State University’s College of Agriculture and Natural Resources and a member of the Plant Resilience Institute. Phosphorus is a natural mineral that is essential for plant growth and development, and Earth’s agricultural-grade phosphorus reserves are expected to be depleted in 50 to 100 years.

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